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Celiac Disease (Celiac Sprue) FAQs
Reviewed byJohn P. Cunha, DO, FACOEPonOctober 4, 2018
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- What is celiac disease?
- With celiac disease, malabsorption means what?
- There are other diseases associated with celiac disease. True or false?
- Gluten found in medicines may also produce an allergic reaction. True or false?
- 乳糜泻患者应该完全避免what?
- What is true about celiac disease?
- Severe emotional stress can trigger celiac disease. True or false?
- Abdominal distention is a key symptom of celiac disease. Abdominal distention means what?
- There is no cure for celiac disease. True or False?
- Certain conditions cause a person to fail to respond to a gluten-free diet. True or False?
- Celiac disease causes intestinal villi to be damaged or destroyed. True or false?
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Q:What is celiac disease?
A:Celiac diseaseis a disease of the small intestine in which damage to the lining of the small intestine leads to malabsorption of minerals and nutrients.
The destruction of the inner lining of the small intestine in celiac disease is caused by an immunological reaction to gluten, a family of proteins found in wheat, barley, rye, and oats.
Q:With celiac disease, malabsorption means what?
A:With celiac disease, malabsorption means poor absorption of food nutrients.
Medically speaking, malabsorption refers to poor intestinal absorption of nutrients, vitamins, and minerals from the intestinal tract into the blood stream. Malabsorption can occur from diseases that injure the bowels, such asCrohn's disease, Whipple's disease, and celiac disease, as well as other diseases and conditions such as HIV, diseases of the pancreas such ascystic fibrosis, surgical removal of large portions of the small bowel, and the presence of intestinal worms.
Q:There are other diseases associated with celiac disease. True or false?
A:True.
About 10% of individuals with celiac disease also have dermatitis herpetiformis, a disease of the skin characterized by an itchyrashon the extremities, buttocks, neck, trunk, and scalp. Other diseases associated with celiac disease include recurrent painful mouth ulcers,insulin-dependentdiabetes, juvenile-onset ortype 1 diabetes, autoimmune thyroid disease,rheumatoid arthritis, and systemiclupuserythematosus.
Q:Gluten found in medicines may also produce an allergic reaction. True or false?
A:True.
Gluten is found mainly in foods but may also be found in everyday products such as prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, some kinds of lipstick, and lip balms.
Other products that may contain hidden gluten are malt (which contains barley), hydrolyzed vegetable protein (which contains wheat), and communion wafers.
Q:乳糜泻患者应该完全避免what?
A:乳糜泻患者应该完全避免beer, pasta and crackers.
Beer contains wheat! Who knew? Unfortunately for fans of the six-pack, most beers are made with barley malt. While there are some gluten-free beers, it's best to check with your doctor or dietitian about whether these are safe for you.
Pasta has got to go as well. No matter what its shape or name, most pasta is made out of wheat. You'll need to avoid spaghetti, macaroni, shells, and spirals when on a gluten-freediet.
No more crackers, either. If you look at the ingredients label, you'll see that wheat is likely the main ingredient.
Q:What is true about celiac disease?
A:Celiac disease is genetic.
There is evidence that celiac disease is partially genetic, meaning it runs in families. Once thought of as a rare childhood illness, celiac disease is now known to be a common genetic disorder.
Approximately 10% of the first-degree relatives (parents, siblings or children) of individuals with celiac disease also will have celiac disease. In addition, in approximately 30% of fraternal twins and 70% of identical twins, both twins will have celiac disease. Finally, certain genes have been found to be more common in individuals with celiac disease than in those without celiac disease.
Q:Severe emotional stress can trigger celiac disease. True or false?
A:True.
In some cases, celiac disease seems to be triggered by, or becomes active for the first time, after surgery,pregnancy, childbirth, viral infection, or severe emotionalstress. It is unclear how these stresses may be linked to celiac disease. The association may be coincidence.
Q:Abdominal distention is a key symptom of celiac disease. Abdominal distention means what?
A:Abdominal distention means that the abdomen is swollen. Abdominal distention (abdominal swelling) is a key symptom of celiac disease primarily in infants. Other symptoms include:
In infants:diarrhea, steatorrhea (fatty stools), abdominal cramps, irritability, muscle wasting, and failure to thrive and grow.
In children:diarrhea, fatty stools, flatulence, short stature, andweight loss.
In adults:diarrhea, fatty stools, weight loss, flatulence,iron deficiencyanemia, bloating, abnormal bleeding, and bone fractures.
Q:There is no cure for celiac disease. True or False?
A:True.
There is no cure for celiac disease. The treatment of celiac disease is a gluten-free diet. Patients with celiac disease vary in their tolerance to gluten. Some patients can ingest small amounts of gluten without developing symptoms, while others experience massive diarrhea with only minute amounts of gluten.The standard treatment calls for complete avoidance of gluten for life.
In addition to avoiding foods that obviously contain gluten such as foods containing or derived from wheat, barley, rye, and oats, people with celiac disease must also become aware of gluten commonly hidden in many processed foods such as canned soup, salad dressing, ice cream, candy bars, instant coffee, luncheon meat, ketchup, mustard, yogurt, and sausages.
Without treatment through a gluten-free diet, people with celiac disease can develop complications such asosteoporosis, anemia, and possiblycancer.
Q:Certain conditions cause a person to fail to respond to a gluten-free diet. True or False?
A:True. Failure to respond to a gluten-free diet may occur for several reasons:
- Not following a strictgluten free dietby still eating small amounts of gluten
- Unknowingly ingesting gluten (hidden gluten)
- A co-existing condition such asirritable bowel syndrome, bacterial overgrowth of the small bowel,microscopic colitis, or pancreatic insufficiency
- Refractory disease or complications of celiac disease
Note:Refractory celiac disease is a rare condition in which the symptoms of what appears to be celiac disease do not improve despite many months of a strict gluten-free diet.
Q:Celiac disease causes intestinal villi to be damaged or destroyed. True or false?
A:True.
Celiac disease is both a disease of malabsorption (nutrients are not absorbed properly) and an abnormal immune reaction to gluten.
Villi, microscopic fingers of tissue, line the small intestine and increase the surface area available to absorb nutrients. When people with celiac disease consume gluten, the immune system responds by damaging or destroying villi. Since the purpose of villi is to allow nutrients from food to be absorbed through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream, without healthy villi, a person becomes malnourished no matter how much food one eats.
Note:The termvilliis the plural of绒毛, a tiny finger-like or hair-like vascular projection. More specifically绒毛is the Latin word for shaggy hair or fleece.
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