Brand Name:Diflucan
Generic Name:fluconazole
Drug Class:Antifungals, Systemic
What is fluconazole (Diflucan), and what is it used for?
Diflucan (fluconazole) is an anti-fungal medication related toclotrimazole(Lotrimin),ketoconazole(Nizoral),itraconazole(Sporanox), andmiconazole(Micatin,Monistat). Fluconazole prevents the growth of fungi by preventing the production of the membranes that surround fungal cells.
- Diflucan is used for treating vaginal, oral, and esophagealfungal infectionscaused byCandida. It is used for treating uncomplicated, complicated, or recurrent vaginalCandidainfections.
- Diflucan also may be effective in treatingurinary tract infections,peritonitis,pneumonia和传播感染所致Candida.
- Diflucan is used for treating cryptococcalmeningitis, andpreventionofCandidainfections in patients treated withchemotherapyorradiationafter bone marrow transplantation.
What are the side effects of fluconazole?
Common side effects of fluconazole include:
- headache,
- nausea, and
- abdominal pain.
Other important side effects include:
Possible serious side effects include:
- seizures,
- reduced number of white blood cells,
- reduced number of blood platelets, and
- toxic epidermal necrolysis.
Rarely, seriousallergicreactions, includingangioedema(swelling of tissues), may also occur.Liverdysfunction (jaundice,hepatitis) and abnormal heartbeats have been associated with fluconazole. Stevens-Johnson syndrome has also been reported.
What is the dosage for fluconazole?
- The usual adult dose is 50-400 mg daily depending on the type of infection. Although symptoms of oralCandidainfections may subside in a few days, treatment is continued for 2 weeks.
- EsophagealCandidainfections are treated for 3 weeks or longer.
- Treatment of cryptococcalmeningitismay last for 10-12 weeks after cerebrospinal fluid cultures become negative.
SLIDESHOW
Bacterial Infections 101: Types, Symptoms, and TreatmentsSee SlideshowWhich drugs interact with fluconazole?
- Hydrochlorothiazideincreases the blood concentration of fluconazole by 40%. However, dosage modification is not recommended when bothdrugsare combined.
- Rifampin (Rifadin,Rimactane, Rifadin,Rifater,Rifamate) reduces the blood concentration of oral fluconazole, probably by increasing the elimination of fluconazole in the liver; therefore, reducing the effectiveness of fluconazole.
- Fluconazole may increase the concentration ofwarfarin(Coumadin,Jantoven) in blood by reducing the elimination of warfarin. Therefore, the effect of warfarin may increase, leading to an increased tendency to bleed.
- Fluconazole also increases the concentration of the following drugs in the blood, and as a result, the risk of side effects of these drugs may increase. These drugs include:
- phenytoin(Dilantin),
- cyclosporine,
- zidovudine(Retrovir),
- saquinavir(Invirase),
- theophylline(Theo-Dur,Respbid,Slo-Bid,Theo-24,Theolair,Uniphyl, Slo-Phyllin),
- tolbutamide,
- glyburide(Micronase, Diabeta, Glynase),
- glipizide,
- triazolam(Glucotrol),
- midazolam (Versed),
- celecoxib(Celebrex),
- fentanyl(Sublimaze),
- atorvastatin(Lipitor),
- simvastatin(Zocor), and
- lovastatin(洛伐他汀).
- As a result, the risk of side effects from the above drugs may increase.
- Combining fluconazole withamiodarone(Cordarone),pimozide(Orap),bepridil(Vascor), or other drugs that affectheartrhythm may increase the risk ofabnormal heart rhythms.
Is fluconazole safe to use during pregnancy or while breastfeeding?
- There are no adequate studies of Diflucan inpregnantwomen. There are reports of harmful effects on the fetus when high-dose fluconazole was administered topregnantwomen for a few months. The use of fluconazole duringpregnancyis not recommended.
- Diflucan is secreted inbreast milkat concentrations similar to the mother's blood level. However, fluconazole is used for treating neonates with fungal infections and for treating lactation-associatedCandidainfections. Available evidence suggests that the use of fluconazole duringbreastfeedinghas little risk.
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Summary
Diflucan (fluconazole) is a drug prescribed to treat fungal infections caused by Candida, for example, vaginal, oral, esophageal, urinary tract, pneumonia, and peritonitis. Side effects include nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, rash, indigestion, and abdominal pain. Drug interactions, and pregnancy and breastfeeding safety information should be reviewed before taking this medication.
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