hydrochlorothiazide

• Hydrochlorothiazide is used to treat excessive fluid accumulation and swelling (edema) of the body caused byheart failure,cirrhosis, chronickidney failure,corticosteroidmedications, and nephrotic syndrome.
• It also is used alone or in conjunction with other官网地址bwinlowering medications to treathigh blood pressure.
• Although hydrochlorothiazide is approved for treatingedemaincirrhosisof theliver, it is rarely used because of the availability of other diuretics that are more effective.
• Hydrochlorothiazide can be used to treat calcium-containingkidney stonesbecause it decreases the amount of calcium excreted by the kidneys in the urine and thus decreases the amount of calcium in urine to form stones.

Side effects of hydrochlorothiazide include

• weakness,
• low blood pressure,
• light sensitivity (rashcaused by sunlight),
• impotence,
• nausea, and
• abdominal pain.

More serious side effects include

• electrolytedisturbances,
• pancreatitis,
• jaundice, and
• anaphylaxis(a life-threateningallergic reaction).

Patientsallergicto sulfa may also be allergic to hydrochlorothiazide because of the similarity in the chemical structure of the medications.

Hydrochlorothiazide can aggravate kidney dysfunction and is used with caution in patients withkidney disease. Hydrochlorothiazide can lower blood potassium, sodium, and magnesium levels.Low potassiumand magnesium levels can lead to abnormalities inheartrhythm, especially in patients already takingdigoxin(Lanoxin). During hydrochlorothiazide treatment, supplementation with potassium is common to prevent low potassium levels.

Blood uric acid levels can increase during hydrochlorothiazide treatment, and this elevation may cause an episode of acutegoutin some individuals.Thiazide diureticsmay increase bloodsugar(glucose) levels and precipitatediabetes.

• Hydrochlorothiazide may be taken with or without food.
• The usual adult dose forhypertensionis 12.5 to 50 mg once daily.
• The usual adult dose for treating edema is 25-100 mg once daily or in divided doses.

• Hydrochlorothiazide reduces the elimination oflithium(Lithobid, Eskalith) by the kidneys and can lead to lithium toxicity.
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatorydrugs(NSAIDs), for example,ibuprofen(Motrin), may reduce the blood pressure lowering effects of hydrochlorothiazide. Bloodsugarlevels can be elevated by hydrochlorothiazide, necessitating adjustment in the doses of medications that are used for treatingdiabetes.
• Combining hydrochlorothiazide withcorticosteroidsmay increase the risk for low levels of blood potassium and otherelectrolytes. Low blood potassium (hypokalemia) can increase the toxicity of digoxin (Lanoxin).
• Cholestyramine(Questran,Questran Light) andcolestipol(Colestid) bind to hydrochlorothiazide and reduce its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract by 43% to 85%.

• There are no adequate studies of hydrochlorothiazide inpregnantwomen.Thiazidesmay increase the risk of fetal orneonatal jaundice, low platelet levels, and possibly other adverse reactions that have occurred in adults.
• Hydrochlorothiazide is excreted inbreast milk. Intense diuresis using hydrochlorothiazide may reduce the production of breast milk. Otherwise hydrochlorothiazide is considered safe to use duringnursingif required by the mother.

Do I need a prescription for hydrochlorothiazide?

Yes

什么preparations of hydrochlorothiazide are available?

• Tablets: 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg
• Capsules: 12.5 mg

How should I keep hydrochlorothiazide stored?

Hydrochlorothiazide should be stored at room temperature, 15 C to 30 C (59 F to 86 F), in a tight, light-resistant container.

How does hydrochlorothiazide work?

• Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic (water pill) used for treatinghigh blood pressure(hypertension) and accumulation of fluid (edema). It works by blocking salt and fluid reabsorption from the urine in the kidneys, causing increased urine output (diuresis). Its mechanism of action in loweringhigh blood pressureis not well understood.
• Hydrochlorothiazide is used in combination with many other drugs

When was hydrochlorothiazide approved by the FDA?

• The FDA approved hydrochlorothiazide in February 1959.