In about 10% of cases,pelvic inflammatory disease(PID) may occur without having an性病.
PID is the infection and swelling of the female reproductive organs. It can involve the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. The risk ofpelvic inflammatory disease(PID) increases if one has性病s/STIs (sexually transmitted diseases/infection), such asgonorrheaandchlamydia, or a history of STD.
What causes pelvic inflammatory disease?
The majority of PIDs are sexually transmitted. Nonsexual PID may occur in
- Septic abortions
- During the medical termination ofpregnancyif there is improper sterilization of tools
- Procedures likedilation and curettage
- Rupture of anabscessinside the abdomen and it has spread to the uterine tubes
The most common causative microorganisms of PID are sexually transmitted. They include
Several other bacteria can also cause PID, such as
- Staphylococcus
- Klebsiella
- E.coli
- Fusobacteria
- Clostridia
- Actinomyces
- Bacteroides
What are the risk factors of pelvic inflammatory disease?
Some factors that can increase the risk of PID are
- Having unprotected sexual intercourse
- Being a sexually active woman younger than 25 years old
- Having multiple sexual partners
- Being in a sexual relationship with a person who has multiple sexual partners
- Frequent vaginaldouchingcreates an imbalance of good versus harmful bacteria in the vagina
- 使用卫生棉条,intrauterine device(IUD), ordouchewithin the 3- to the 6-week-long period after an abortion orchildbirthwhen the mouth of the uterus remains open and is susceptible to infection
- Using a long-termbirth controldevice, such as an IUD
- Having a history of性病sor PID
What are the signs and symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease?
The signs and symptoms of the pelvic inflammatory disease vary with each individual. Some may have mild or no signs and symptoms while others may have severe symptoms. Some common signs and symptoms include
- Lowerabdominal painthat may be mild or severe
- Feverwith or withoutchills
- Heavy, foul-smellingvaginal discharge
- Abnormal uterine bleeding, especially between menstrual cycles and during or after intercourse
- Painduring urination and increased frequency of urination
- Painful sexual intercourse
When to see a doctor
The following require immediate medical attention
- Severeabdominal pain
- Nauseaandvomiting
- High-gradefever, above 101° F (38.3° C)
- Worsening of odor and quantity of vaginal discharge
- Profusevaginal bleeding
QUESTION
Condoms are the best protection from sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).See AnswerCan pelvic inflammatory disease be prevented?
The following can help reduce the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease
- Safe sexual practices:Using acondomevery time during intercourse, limiting the number of sexual partners, and being aware of the partner's sexual history can reduce the risk of STDs and PID.
- Consulting a doctor aboutcontraception:只有屏障避孕方法,如欺诈doms and diaphragms, can reduce the risk of PID and STDs. Using long-termbirth controldevices like IUDs can increase the risk of PID. The doctor can recommend alternatebirth control methods.
- Maintaining hygiene:Maintaining hygiene of the reproductive area and overall body hygiene can reduce the risk of PID.
- Avoiding vaginal douching:Douching causes an imbalance between good and bad bacteria, negatively affecting vaginal health.
- Safechildbirthand abortions:It is advised to avoid home births because they can increase the risk of infection after delivery, which can lead to PID. It is also advised to avoid getting an abortion done in centers that are not licensed because they may not follow standard hygiene protocols.
- Getting tested regularly:It is advised that sexually active women and men, who are at risk of getting an STD, get tested regularly. This helps in early diagnosis and treatment, reducing the risk of complications.
- Periodic visits to the gynecologist:Since PID can be caused by a wide range of microorganisms and many women may be asymptomatic for a long time, periodic consultations with the gynecologist can help detect diseases early and maintain reproductive health.
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Medically Reviewed on4/13/2022
References
Medscape Medical Reference
Infectious Diseases
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Complete List
Top Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Without Having an STD Related Articles
Can Chlamydia Go Away On Its Own?
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Can PID Go Away on Its Own?
In some cases, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) may go away without medical treatment. This depends on the body’s immune system, but such cases have a high chance of relapse. Hence, it is always advisable to contact your doctor if you have symptoms. PID is a serious infection that can cause severe pain and infertility.
Chlamydia
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Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) that is contagious. Chlaymida is spread through sexual contact. (You cannot get chlamyidia from kissing or sharing utensils or drinks.) Chlamydia is the most common STD in the U.S. The incubation period for chlamydia ranges from days to months, and the contagious period ends seven days after patients begin treatment. Chlamydia signs and symptoms may include painful urination, rectal irritation (proctitis), eye infections, and infertility. Women can also develop chronic pelvic pain, salpingitis, and endometritis.
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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is the most common and serious complication of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), aside from AIDS, among women. The signs and symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease include: fever, vaginal discharge with a foul odor, abdominal pain, including pain during intercourse, and irregular vaginal bleeding. Pelvic inflammatory disease can scar the Fallopian tubes, ovaries, and related structures and lead to ectopic pregnancies, infertility, chronic pelvic pain, and other serious consequences. Pelvic inflammatory disease treatment includes several types of antibiotics.
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